When to Plant: If transplanting rather than growing from seed, bee balm is best transplanted outside after the danger of frost has passed.

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Keep in mind that some bee balm species like wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) are perennial in hardier zones and will return each season whereas lemon bee balm (Monarda citriodora) is annual.

Light: Partial to Full Sun

Soil: Well-drained soil is best, but bee balm does well in clay soil as well. If planting in a container, use general-purpose potting mix.

Plant in a sunny area with good air circulation to prevent powdery mildew.

Remember that bee balm is in the mint family and some species, like wild bergamot, will spread via root and self-seed. Plant accordingly.

To prevent a stressed plant that is more likely to struggle with powdery mildew, provide regular watering and try to avoid drought stressing the plant. Do not water in the evenings! Provide moisture when the top 1-2” of soil/mix is dry.

Time between watering cycles is determined by your soil type and climate. If in a container, daily watering may be necessary.

If planted in a container, try a slow-release fertilizer for easy care, following the recommended bottle rates. Sometimes, potting mixes incorporate slow release fertilizer that lasts for 6 months.

Fertilize lightly if planted in ground as bee balm thrives in poor soil conditions. Avoid over-fertilizing to prevent tendencies toward powdery mildew.

Bee balm has a mint to oregano or citron flavor depending on the species you are growing. Harvest the blooms at peak maturity for the best flavor.

Remove the flower head to either dry and store for teas or consume immediately. You may be able to store fresh flowers between damp paper towels in the fridge for several hours.

Even if you are enjoying monarda as an ornamental/pollinator-friendly plant only, I recommend deadheading to prevent volunteers the following year as it re-seeds readily. You can alternatively allow natural re-seeding or aim to save seeds.

Bee balm is extremely attractive to pollinators and has many benefits to our health. Keep in mind that it is a mint family member so it will be a prolific producer.

Full sun planting is key to prevent powdery mildew and promote blooming.